Computer systems - bahasa inggris

Computer system
Computer system are one example of man’s more complex artifical system. They have existed as succesful engineering products long enough to under go radical evolution and to give rise to a number of basic, unique technologies. They are sufficiently complex that they have given rise to a science, that is, to a continuing, institutionalized endeavor to understand what sort of beast has been brought forth . our fundamental interest is in the development of this science and technology of computers (one of us also likes to build computers). To understand why this particular book seems to us to be the right way to push this development at this particular time requires characterizing the current state of computer-systems technology.
A computer systems is complex in several ways. There are at least four levels of systems description, possibly five, that can be used for a computer. These are not alternativ descriptions in the sense that anything said one way can be said another. On the contrary, each level arises from abstraction of the levels below it. Each does a job that the lower levels could not perform because of the unnecessary detail they would be forced to carry around.
A system (at any level) is characterized by a set of components, of which certain properties are posited, and a set of ways of combining components to procedure systems. When formalized  appropriately, the behavior of the systems is determined by the behavior of its components and the specific modes of combinations used.

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